Offshore Engineering
(Structural)

History of offshore development, platform types (jacket, GBS, FPSO, TLP, spar), water-depth selection chart, design life philosophy, regulatory frameworks (API vs ISO), and typical project phases from FEED through commissioning.

Morison equation in full detail, Airy wave theory, JONSWAP spectrum, return period concept, wind drag coefficients, current loads, current blockage factors, marine growth, ice loads, combined load directionality. Includes worked Morison example.

Gravity loads, buoyancy, hydrostatic pressure, accidental loads (dropped objects, vessel impact, explosion), seismic loads (ISO 19901-2 ELE/ALE concept), fatigue loads, wave scatter diagrams, load combinations, LRFD vs ASD load factors table.

Global analysis methodology, stick model vs FEM, API RP 2A analysis procedure, member unity check (UC) formulas, Euler buckling, P-Delta effects, software tools (SACS, SESAM, STAAD), code check output interpretation with typical UC values table.

When dynamic analysis is needed, modal analysis, DAF, pushover analysis, RSR concept, reliability and limit states (ULS/ALS/FLS/SLS), ISO 19902 consequence categories, FORM reliability, structural redundancy and ductility, progressive collapse.

Open-ended driven piles, geotechnical investigation, axial capacity (API RP 2GEO: Qult = Qf + Qp), skin friction tables, end bearing, lateral p-y curves, pile wall thickness, WEAP driveability, grouted connections, scour, pile group effects.

K, T, Y, X joint classification, geometric parameters (beta, gamma, tau, theta), API RP 2A capacity formulas (Pu = Qu x Qf x Fy x T2/sin theta), Qf chord load factor, punching shear, SCF/Efthymiou equations, DNVGL S-N curves, NDT requirements, worked example.

Steel procurement (S355, API 2H, EH36), tubular fabrication tolerances, joint coping, welding processes (SAW, SMAW, FCAW), WPS/WPQR qualification, NDT methods and extent, jacket assembly sequence, dimensional control, coating (NORSOK M-501), load-out and seafastening.

Full installation sequence, marine spread selection, barge launch vs crane lift, upending stability (GM calculation), dynamic load factors (DLF = 1.05-1.35), pile driving (hydraulic hammers, WEAP), deck installation (float-over vs lift), weather window criteria table.

Integrated vs modular topsides, space frame, grillage, MSF systems, design loads (area live load table), weight control philosophy, COG tracking, primary deck structure, FEM analysis, helideck design (CAP 437), boat landing, flare boom, crane pedestal, corrosion zones.

Beam/column design checks (LTB, buckling interaction formulas), stiffened plate panels, plate girders, penetrations, Vierendeel frames, fire and blast design (PFP, intumescent, SDOF ductility), equipment skid DLFs, structural monitoring and inspection.

Welded and bolted connection design, HSFG bolts (AISC 360), moment connections, block shear, baseplate and anchor bolt design, lifting connections (pad eyes, trunnions) with worked example, pile-sleeve grouted connections (API RP 2A), subsea mechanical connectors, fatigue detailing.